Two grocery chains in China, Freshippo and Carrefour, have accused Sam’s Club of forced exclusivity, a monopolistic practice that has cost Chinese tech giants Alibaba and Meituan billions of dollars in fines this year. Companies that adopt the practice, also known as “choose one of two,” punish merchants or suppliers that sell or work with rival platforms. Both accusers are planning to expand aggressively with a membership-only retail model pioneered by the warehouse club operated by Walmart. [Sina Tech, in Chinese]
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